Extended Ontologies

The following ontologies are extended by the current ontology:

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Renames

An ontology may rename elements from another ontology in order to provide a shortcut for referencing that element or to provide an alternate term for it.

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Object                  Renamed From
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name                    base.name

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Categories

The following taxonomy is the collection of categories declared in this ontology. The hierarchical form is intended to show the ISA chain. Categories in [Brackets] are not defined here but are defined in an ontology extended by this one. Elements in {Braces} are additional supercategories of the category immediately before them (signifying multiple inheritance). Categories followed by an asterisk are defined in another ontology but are provided with a local alias. 字串6

   [base.SHOEEntity]
      Address
      Agent
         Person {Organism}
            Employee 
         SocialGroup
            Organization
	       CommercialOrganization
	       EducationOrganization
	       GovernmentOrganization
	       NonprofitOrganization
         ArtificialAgent
      Activity
         Work
         Recreation
         Process
      Event
      Location
      PhysicalObject
         Substance
            Liquid
            Solid  
         Thing
            Artifact
            Organism
      WebResource
         Audio
         Image
	 Video
         WebPage
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Relationships

Relationships are declared between one or more arguments, where each argument is either a type or a category. If the argument is a category, any subcategory of that category is valid as well. Relationships which have a local alias but are defined in another ontology are followed by an asterisk.

   addressStreet(Address, .STRING)
   addressCity(Address, .STRING)
   addressState(Address, .STRING)
   addressZip(Address, .STRING)
   affiliateOf(Organization, Person)
   affiliatedOrganization(Organization, Organization)
   alumnus(Organization, Person)
   borders(Location, Location)
   emailAddress(Person, .STRING)
   encloses(Location, Location)
   engagesIn(Agent, Activity)
   eventStart(Event, .DATE)
   eventEnd(Event, .DATE)
   eventLocation(Event, Location)
   head(Organization, Person)
   homeAddress(Person, Address)
   homePhone(Person, .STRING)
   isLocated(Organization, Location)
   member(SocialGroup, Person)
   name(base.SHOEEnity, .STRING)*
   orgAddress(Organization, Address)
   orgPhone(Organization, .STRING)
   participant(Event, Agent)
   performs(Agent, Work)
   subOrganizationOf(Organization:"suborganization", Organization:"superorganization")
   workAddress(Person, Address)
   workPhone(Person, .STRING)
   worksFor(Employee, Organization)
 
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Constants

Constants are used to identify instances that may be commonly used with an ontology. In this section, each constant is grouped under its category.

No constants are defined. 字串2

Inferences

Inference rules are used to determine what additional facts can be implied if other facts are known. They take the form of if/then rules.

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Suborganizations are transitive.

If subOrganizationOf(x,y) and subOrganizationOf(y,z), then subOrganizationOf(x,z).

Affiliates are invertable.

If affiliatedOrganization(x,y), then affiliatedOrganization(y,x).

Membership transfers through suborganizations.

If member(x,m) and subOrganizationOf(x,y), then member(y,m).

A person who works for an organization is a member of that organization.

If worksFor(p,o) then member(o,p).

A person who is the head of an organization is a member of that organization.

If head(o,p) then member(o,p).

Performing work is engaging in a type of activity.

If performs(a,w) then engagesIn(a,w).

Encloses is transitive.

If encloses(x,y) and encloses(y,z), then encloses(x,z).

Definitions

Address

A designation for routing mail to an organization or person. An address is not the same thing as a Location, although usually an address is tied to a particular location.

Activity

Any specific activity or pusuit.

Agent

An entity capable of performing actions.

ArtificialAgent

An agent that is man-made.

Artifact

Something created by humans usually for a practical purpose.

Audio

A digitized sound resource, in a format such as a MP3, Real Audio, WAV etc.

CommercialOrganziation

An organization involved in the supply and distribution of commodities for profit.

EducationOrganization

An academic organization.

Employee

A person who works for an organization.

Event

Something that happens at a given place in time. This differs from Activity because Activities do not have a spatio-temporal constraint. e.g., Camping is an activity, the camp trip to West Virginia last summer is an event.

GovernmentOrganization

An organization that participates in the making and administration of policy for a nation, state, county or city.

Image

A file that visually represents something in a format such JPEG, GIF, etc.

Liquid

A substance which flows freely.

Location

A place.

NonprofitOrganization

A non-government organization that conducts its activities for purposes other than financial gain.

Organism

A living being.

Organization

One or more people who work together or have a common goal.

Person

A human being.

PhysicalObject

A tangible thing.

Process

A particular course of action intended to achieve results.

Recreation

An activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates.

SocialGroup

One or more people sharing some social relation (i.e., an organization, a club, a group of friends, a culture of people, etc.)

Solid

A substance which does not flow freely.

Substance

A physical object that cannot be referred to as an individual (a mass noun, i.e., butter, water, hydrogen, dirt, etc.)

Thing

A physical object that can be referred to as an individual (a count noun, i.e., mountain, book, car, etc.)

Video

A resource in a format for transmitting moving visual and audio components, such as MPEG, QuickTime and DVD.

WebPage

A web page.

WebResource

A file available using the Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP). The properties of this object can be metadata (data about data) that describes a resource, such as author, time of creation, etc.

Work

An activity directed toward making or doing something.

addressStreet

The street name and number of an address.

addressCity

The name of a city used in an address.

addressState

The name of a state used in an address.

addressZip

The zip code used in an address.

affiliateOf

A person who is affiliated with an organization.

affiliatedOrganization

An organization that is affiliated with another organization.

alumnus

A person who used to be a member of an organization.

borders

A location that is adjacent to another location.

emailAddress

The e-mail address of a person.

encloses

A location that completely contains another location.

engagesIn

An activity that is performed by someone or something.

eventStart

The date when an event began.

eventEnd

The date when an event finished.

eventLocation

The place where an event occured.

head

The person in charge of an organization.

homeAddress

The address of a person′s residence.

homePhone

The phone number of a person′s residence.

isLocated

The place where an organization is located.

member

A person who participates in a social group.

orgAddress

The mailing address of an organization.

orgPhone

The phone number of an organization.

participant

An agent that is involved in an event.

performs

Work that is carried out by someone or something.

subOrganizationOf

A relation in which the first organization is part of the second organization.

workAddress

The address of a person′s place of business.

workPhone

The phone number where a person can be reached at their place of business.

worksFor

An organization that employs a person.

Notes:

• What is the best name for the relationship between an Agent and an Activity? A person engages in an activity, conducts research, performs work or a process. Currently we use engagesIn.

Change History:

• 12/21/99 - Changed subOrganization to subOrganizationOf to make the relation′s intent more clear.
• 04/03/00 - Removed underscores from all elements names.
• 04/03/00 - Added CommercialOrganization, EducationOrganization, GovernmentOrganization and NonprofitOrganization as subtypes of Organization.
• 04/03/00 - Added an Address category and various associated relations.
• 04/05/00 - Changed Worker to Employee.
• 04/05/00 - Added the WebResource category and a number of subcategories.
• 10/04/00 - Added the performs(Agent, Work) relation.
• 10/04/00 - Added the rule performs(a,w) -> engagesIn(a,w).
• 10/04/00 - Added the rule worksFor(p,o) -> member(o,p).
• 10/04/00 - Added the rule head(o,p) -> member(o,p).
• 10/04/00 - Added the rule encloses() is transitive.