图书馆参考服务目前正普遍面临了一些危机,包括工作量庞大、人力不足、经费短缺等问题。派罗特(James R. Parrott)即指出,参考馆员大部分的时间都花在回答大量的指示性及快速参考问题,真正需要其专业知识的工作时间则严重受限。(注1)另外,一些相关研究亦显示参考馆员回答参考问题的正确率普遍不高,对于问题所牵涉到领域往往也不甚熟悉。(注2)以上种种问题,都使得图书馆参考服务的进行显得有些力不从心。
近年来,人工智能一直是计算机科技中重要研究发展趋势,而专家系统则是其中倍受嘱目的领域。它的主要目的是在仿真人脑的功能,使系统能具备专家知识,并依此来代替或辅助专家进行解释、认知、决策等工作。由于专家系统所具备的种种特点,各行各业纷纷试图将其技术应用到自己的领域中,而图书馆中如分类、编目、索引、采访、信息检索等工作也已尝试开发专家系统以辅助或取代馆员的部分工作(注3)。这样一个智能型系统的出现,或可为图书馆参考服务带来一些新的契机。
本文首先专家系统的意义、特性、组成结构及建立方式作一概述,其次说明图书馆参考服务专家系统之建构、评估及维护,最后对专家系统在参考服务中的应用概况、利弊得失、实施困难、研究趋势等各部分加以分析探讨,期能找出专家系统在图书馆参考服务中合适的定位,以及未来可能的发展方向。 数据挖掘研究院
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